Biceps Tears at the Shoulder and Physiotherapy Treatment
Understanding Biceps Tears at the Shoulder and Physiotherapy Treatment
Biceps tears at the shoulder, also known as proximal biceps tendon tears, occur when the tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder becomes partially or completely torn. This injury often results from overuse, trauma, or degenerative changes, particularly in individuals engaged in repetitive overhead activities or heavy lifting. A biceps tear at the shoulder can cause pain, weakness, and a noticeable deformity in the upper arm, commonly referred to as a "Popeye" muscle. Physiotherapy is a key component in the rehabilitation process, helping patients regain strength, mobility, and function.
Causes and Symptoms of Biceps Tears
Proximal biceps tendon tears can occur suddenly, often accompanied by a sharp pain in the shoulder, or gradually due to wear and tear. Common causes include sports injuries, heavy lifting, or degenerative changes in the tendon. Symptoms typically include a sudden "pop" or tearing sensation, pain and tenderness in the front of the shoulder, weakness in the arm, and difficulty with overhead movements. A visible bulge in the upper arm, where the biceps muscle recoils, is a hallmark sign of a complete tear.
Physiotherapy Approach to Treating Biceps Tears
The role of physiotherapy in treating biceps tears is to alleviate pain, restore shoulder function, and prevent further injury. The treatment approach varies depending on the severity of the tear, with both non-surgical and post-surgical rehabilitation being common pathways.
Initial Rehabilitation Phase
In the early stages of rehabilitation, the focus is on reducing pain and inflammation. The physiotherapist may use modalities such as ice therapy, ultrasound, or electrical stimulation to manage symptoms. Gentle range-of-motion exercises for the shoulder and elbow are introduced to prevent stiffness and maintain mobility without placing too much stress on the healing tendon.
Strengthening and Stabilisation
As the pain subsides, the physiotherapist will guide the patient through a series of strengthening exercises. These exercises target the muscles surrounding the shoulder, including the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles, to provide better support and stability to the joint. Strengthening the remaining portion of the biceps muscle and the forearm muscles is also crucial for regaining arm strength and function.
Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
For patients who undergo surgery to repair a biceps tear, post-operative physiotherapy is essential for a successful recovery. The rehabilitation process typically begins with protective exercises to ensure the tendon heals properly, followed by a gradual progression to more challenging exercises that restore full strength and mobility. The physiotherapist will closely monitor the patient’s progress, adjusting the program as needed to promote optimal healing.
Functional Training and Return to Activity
In the final stages of rehabilitation, the focus shifts to functional training that mimics the patient’s daily activities or sports-specific movements. The physiotherapist will incorporate exercises that improve coordination, proprioception, and endurance, ensuring the patient is prepared to safely return to their usual routines or athletic pursuits.
In conclusion, biceps tears at the shoulder can be a painful and limiting injury, but with the right physiotherapy treatment, patients can achieve a full recovery. By addressing pain, restoring strength and mobility, and guiding the patient through a structured rehabilitation program, physiotherapists play a vital role in helping individuals return to their normal activities and prevent future injuries.
