Common Surfing Injuries That Physiotherapists Treat
Introduction
Surfing, with its exhilarating rides and connection to nature, is a beloved sport enjoyed by millions worldwide. However, the dynamic nature of surfing, coupled with the powerful forces of the ocean, can lead to a variety of injuries that require specialised care.
Understanding Surfing Injuries:
Surfers are exposed to a unique set of challenges and risks, including wave impact, wipeouts, and repetitive movements that place strain on the body. From shoulder injuries to knee strains, surfing-related injuries can range from acute trauma to chronic overuse conditions. Physiotherapists play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating these injuries, helping surfers return to the water safely and confidently.
Common Surfing Injuries:
Upper Limb
1. Shoulder Dislocation/Subluxation:
The repetitive paddling motion and impact of wave manoeuvres can predispose surfers to shoulder dislocations or subluxations. Physiotherapy interventions focus on strengthening the shoulder muscles, improving stability, and addressing underlying biomechanical issues to reduce the risk of recurrence.
2. Rotator Cuff Tears and Tendinopathy:
Rotator cuff injuries are common among surfers due to the overhead nature of paddling and the strain placed on the shoulder joints. Physiotherapy treatment includes pain management, strengthening exercises, and biomechanical analysis to optimise shoulder mechanics and prevent further damage.
3. Shoulder Impingement:
Shoulder impingement syndrome, characterised by pain during overhead movements, is prevalent among swimmers. Physiotherapy interventions include manual therapy, strengthening exercises, and biomechanical analysis to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Neck and Back
4. Neck Injuries:
High-velocity falls, impact with the surfboard or overuse of the neck muscles can result in neck injuries among surfers. Physiotherapy treatment focuses on pain relief, improving range of motion, and strengthening the neck muscles to promote stability and prevent further injury.
5. Lower Back Pain:
Surfing, especially paddling, requires repetitive and sustained hyperextension of the back which can lead to lower back strain and discomfort. Physiotherapy interventions focus on core strengthening, flexibility, and postural correction to alleviate pain and improve spinal stability.
Lower Limb
6. Acute Knee Injuries:
Knee injuries, such as ligament sprains or meniscal tears, can occur from sudden changes in direction or impact with the surfboard or ocean floor. Physiotherapy interventions include initial management of swelling and pain, followed by progressive rehabilitation to restore knee range, function, strength and stability.
8. Ankle Injuries:
The forceful impact of waves and the need for foot placement control expose surfers to ankle sprains, ligament injuries and chronic ankle instability. Physiotherapy interventions aim to reduce swelling, improve proprioception, and restore ankle stability through targeted exercises and rehabilitation protocols.
Concussion:
Concussions are a common injury associated with surfing and usually occurs during a wipeout from a blow to the head from the surfboard or from a collision with another surfer’s board. Whilst not a musculoskeletal injury, physiotherapists can help with activity modification, muscle and joint rehabilitation and the gradual introduction of exercise.
Physiotherapy Management Strategies:
Comprehensive Assessment:
Physiotherapists conduct thorough assessments to evaluate the nature and severity of surfing injuries, identify underlying biomechanical issues, and develop personalised treatment plans tailored to the individual's needs and goals.
Pain Management:
Manual therapy techniques such as joint mobilisation, joint manipulation and massage are utilised to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue healing.
Functional Rehabilitation:
Targeted exercises and rehabilitation protocols focus on restoring mobility, strength, and proprioception to facilitate a safe return to surfing activities.
Biomechanical Analysis:
Evaluation of surfing technique helps identify faulty movement patterns and implement corrective strategies to optimise efficiency, reduce strain on vulnerable joints and tissues, and prevent future injuries.
Prevention Strategies:
Warm-Up and Cool-Down Routines:
Dynamic warm-up exercises and post-surf exercises help prepare the body for activity, reduce muscle stiffness, and minimise the risk of injury.
Equipment Maintenance:
Ensuring the proper fit and condition of surfboards, wetsuits, and other gear can help prevent accidents and reduce the risk of injury.
Skill Development:
Seeking instruction from qualified surf coaches and gradually progressing through skill levels can enhance technique, reduce the risk of falls, and promote safety in the water.
Conclusion:
Surfing injuries can be an inherent part of the sport, but with the right approach, they can be effectively managed and prevented. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in the rehabilitation process, offering tailored interventions to address specific injuries, optimise performance, and promote long-term musculoskeletal health. If you have a surfing injury, come see our team at Brisbane Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation for a personalised treatment plan to keep you on the waves.
