Cracked Heels and Fissures
Cracked or split heels, also known as heel fissures, are a common foot problem that can cause discomfort, pain, and even bleeding in severe cases. These fissures typically occur when the skin on the heels becomes dry, thickened, and lacks moisture, leading to the formation of deep cracks or splits. While cracked heels are often a cosmetic concern, they can also be a source of discomfort and increase the risk of infection if left untreated.
Causes of Cracked Heels
Several factors can contribute to the development of cracked heels, including:
Dry Skin: Dry skin lacks the moisture needed to keep it supple and flexible, making it more prone to cracking, especially on the thickened skin of the heels.
Footwear: Wearing thongs, open-backed shoes, or going barefoot all can overexpose our heels to the dry outside air, increasing the risk of dehydrating our skin and heels
Excessive Pressure: Standing for prolonged periods can increase pressure on the heels, leading to the formation of fissures.
Lack of Moisture: Dehydration, harsh soaps, hot showers, and cold weather can strip the skin of its natural oils, exacerbating dryness and promoting cracking.
Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders can compromise skin health and increase the risk of cracked heels.
Symptoms of Cracked Heels
Cracked heels may present with the following symptoms:
Visible Cracks or Splits: Deep fissures or cracks on the heels, which may be accompanied by dry, flaky skin or callus.
Pain or Discomfort: Pain, tenderness, or a burning sensation when standing, walking, or applying pressure to the affected heels.
Bleeding: In severe cases, cracked heels may bleed, particularly if the fissures extend deep into the skin.
Itching or Peeling: Itching, redness, or peeling of the skin around the cracked heels, indicating inflammation or infection.
Effective Strategies for Fissure Care
Hydration: Hydrating the skin is essential for preventing and treating cracked heels. Soak your feet in warm water for 10-15 minutes to soften the skin, then gently exfoliate with a pumice stone or foot scrub to remove dead skin cells. Pat your feet dry and apply a thick, moisturizing cream or ointment to lock in moisture. Repeat this process daily, especially before bedtime, to promote healing.
Footwear: Wear supportive, well-fitting shoes that provide cushioning and protection for the heels. Avoid open-back or ill-fitting shoes that can exacerbate pressure on the heels and further dry out skin, leading to an increased risk of heel fissures.
Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Limit exposure to harsh soaps, detergents, and chemicals that can strip the skin of its natural oils and worsen dryness. Opt for gentle, moisturizing cleansers and avoid prolonged exposure to hot water.
Use a Foot File: Regularly use a foot file or pumice stone to gently smooth rough patches of skin and reduce the thickness of calluses on the heels. Be careful not to over-file or irritate the skin, as this can worsen fissures.
Protective Barrier: Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly or a barrier cream to the heels before bedtime and cover them with clean cotton socks to lock in moisture and promote healing overnight.
Professional care: For severe or stubborn cases, a podiatrist can help reduce or remove cracked heels, callus, or heel fissures through the professional debridement of the skin. They can also help provide individualised advice regarding other strategies such as moisturisers, dressings, footwear, socks, and padding.
Prevention Tips for Cracked Heels
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out.
Moisturize Regularly: Apply a rich moisturizer to your heels daily, paying special attention to dry areas.
Wear Supportive Shoes: Choose shoes with adequate cushioning and support to reduce pressure on the heels and prevent fissures.
Practice Good Foot Hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry, and avoid walking barefoot in public areas to reduce the risk of infection.
In conclusion, cracked heels and fissures can be painful and unsightly, but with proper care and attention, they can be effectively managed and prevented. By following these strategies for fissure care and incorporating preventive measures into your daily routine, you can keep your heels soft, smooth, and healthy for years to come. If you're experiencing persistent pain, bleeding, or signs of infection, consult a podiatrist or healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment. Remember, healthy heels are happy heels!
