What is Mallet Finger?
Mallet finger is a condition that affects the tip of the finger, specifically the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, which is the joint closest to the fingertip. It occurs when the tendon responsible for straightening the finger (the extensor tendon) is injured, leading to an inability to fully extend the finger at the DIP joint.
Causes:
The most common causes of mallet finger include:
Direct trauma to the fingertip, such as a blow or impact during sports activities like basketball or cricket.
Forced bending of the fingertip, often seen when catching or gripping objects with excessive force.
Accidental jamming of the fingertip, for example, when closing a door on the finger.
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain: Pain is typically felt at the end joint of the affected finger.
Swelling and tenderness: The area around the DIP joint may become swollen and tender to the touch.
Inability to straighten the finger: One of the hallmark signs of mallet finger is the inability to fully extend the finger at the DIP joint. The fingertip may droop or appear bent downward.
Discoloration: Bruising or discoloration may develop around the injured area due to bleeding under the skin.
Physiotherapy Treatment:
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the management of mallet finger. Treatment aims to promote healing, restore finger function, and prevent complications. Physiotherapy interventions may include:
Splinting: A splint is often used to immobilise the affected finger in a straightened position, allowing the tendon to heal properly. The splint is typically worn continuously for 6-8 weeks. Then worn for the following 6 weeks whenever playing sport or working.
Range of motion exercises: Once the initial acute phase has passed, a gentle range of motion exercises may be initiated to prevent stiffness and promote mobility in the finger joint.
Strengthening exercises: As the finger heals, specific strengthening exercises targeting the muscles around the finger joint may be prescribed to regain strength and function.
Manual therapy: Hands-on techniques performed by a physiotherapist, such as massage or joint mobilisation, may be used to improve tissue mobility and reduce stiffness.
Activity modification: The physiotherapist may provide guidance on modifying activities to avoid further strain or injury to the finger during the healing process.
Conclusion:
Mallet finger is a common finger injury that can result from trauma or excessive force to the fingertip. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate physiotherapy intervention are essential for optimal recovery and to minimise long-term complications such as stiffness or deformity of the finger joint. If you suspect you have mallet finger, it's important to seek medical attention for proper assessment and management.
