Subacromial Bursitis

What is Subacromial Bursitis?

Subacromial bursitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the subacromial bursa, a small fluid-filled sac located between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion, which is the bony prominence on the shoulder blade.

The subacromial bursa helps reduce friction between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion during shoulder movement. When the bursa becomes inflamed, it can lead to pain and discomfort, particularly with overhead movements or activities that require lifting or reaching.

Subacromial Bursitis Causes

Common causes of subacromial bursitis include:

1. Overuse or repetitive shoulder movements, such as overhead throwing in sports like baseball or tennis.

2. Trauma or injury to the shoulder, such as a fall onto an outstretched arm.

3. Poor posture or biomechanics, which can place excessive stress on the shoulder joint.

4. Degenerative changes in the shoulder joint due to aging or wear and tear.

Subacromial Bursitis Symptoms

Symptoms of subacromial bursitis may include:

1. Pain or tenderness on the outside of the shoulder, especially with overhead movements or reaching behind the back.

2. Difficulty lifting the arm, particularly above shoulder level.

3. Swelling or inflammation around the shoulder joint.

4. Pain that may radiate down the arm.

Subacromial Bursitis Physiotherapy Management

The subacromial bursa acts as a cushion between the rotator cuff tendons and the acromion bone in the shoulder. Inflammation of this bursa can result in pain and limited shoulder mobility. Treatment for subacromial bursitis often involves conservative measures aimed at reducing inflammation and relieving pain. These may include:

Management Strategies:

1. Rest and Activity Modification:

   • Avoid Overhead Movements: Reduce or avoid activities that involve overhead arm movements to allow the bursa to heal.

   • Proper Lifting Techniques: When lifting objects, ensure proper body mechanics to minimize stress on the shoulder.

2. Pain Management:

   • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation under the guidance of your doctor. Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications can help manage pain and inflammation. Always follow recommended dosages and consult with a healthcare provider.

3. Icing / Ice therapy:

   • Applying ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce inflammation, pain and swelling. Be sure to use a cloth or towel to protect the skin from direct contact with ice.

4. Physiotherapy:
   Specific exercises can help improve shoulder range of motion, strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, and correct any biomechanical issues contributing to bursitis.

   • Range of Motion Exercises: A physiotherapist can guide you through exercises to maintain and improve shoulder mobility.

   • Strengthening Exercises: Strengthening the muscles around the shoulder can provide better support and stability.

5. Corticosteroid Injections:

   • In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroid injections into the subacromial space / affected area to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

6. Posture and Ergonomics:

   • Ensure proper posture and ergonomics to prevent additional strain on the shoulder.