What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and first rib (thoracic outlet) become compressed. This compression can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the arm, shoulder, and neck.
Causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
TOS can result from various factors, including:
Poor posture: Slouching or sitting with rounded shoulders can compress the thoracic outlet.
Trauma: Injuries such as whiplash or repetitive strain injuries can lead to TOS.
Anatomical abnormalities: Some individuals may have a narrower thoracic outlet naturally, increasing the risk of compression.
Muscle imbalance: Weakness or tightness in certain muscles can contribute to TOS.
Repetitive motions: Jobs or activities that involve repetitive arm movements can exacerbate symptoms.
Symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
The symptoms of TOS can vary depending on which structures are compressed but commonly include:
Pain or numbness in the shoulder, arm, or hand.
Weakness or fatigue in the affected arm.
Tingling sensation or pins and needles in the fingers.
Swelling or discoloration in the arm.
Muscle wasting in severe cases.
Physiotherapy Interventions for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Physiotherapy aims to address the underlying causes of TOS and alleviate symptoms through a variety of techniques:
Postural correction exercises: Strengthening exercises for the muscles that support proper posture can help alleviate compression in the thoracic outlet.
Stretching: Gentle stretches targeting tight muscles, particularly in the chest, neck, and shoulders, can help relieve pressure on nerves and blood vessels.
Manual therapy: Hands-on techniques such as massage and joint mobilizations can help release tension in muscles and improve mobility in the thoracic outlet.
Strengthening exercises: Targeted exercises to strengthen weak muscles, especially those that stabilise the shoulder and neck, can improve posture and reduce symptoms.
Ergonomic assessment: Evaluating workstations and recommending ergonomic adjustments can help prevent exacerbation of TOS symptoms.
Education: Providing education on posture, body mechanics, and lifestyle modifications can empower individuals to manage their symptoms effectively.
Conclusion
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life, but physiotherapy offers effective solutions for managing symptoms and improving function. By addressing underlying musculoskeletal imbalances and promoting proper posture and movement patterns, physiotherapists play a vital role in helping individuals with TOS regain control and achieve long-term relief. If you suspect you may have TOS, come on in to Brisbane Physiotherapy for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.
