What Are Corns and Calluses?
Corns and calluses are common foot problems that can cause discomfort and affect mobility. Despite their prevalence, many individuals are unfamiliar with the different types of corns and calluses and how they develop. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for corns and calluses.
What Are Corns and Calluses?
Corns and calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction or pressure. While they share similarities, each has distinct characteristics:
Corns: Corns are smaller, concentrated areas of thickened skin and can be commonly confused for plantar warts. Corns typically develop on regions with focal pressures such as the ball of the feet and the tops of the toes. They may be painful to the touch and often have a harder, waxy texture.
Callus: Calluses are larger areas of thickened skin that develop over the feet, particularly in areas subjected to more diffuse areas of pressure or friction. Compared to corns, calluses are typically much less painful.
Types of Corns
Corns can be further classified into different types based on their appearance and location:
Heloma Mille (Soft Corns): Soft corns develop between the toes, where moisture and friction combine to create a soft, whitish lesion. They are typically more painful than other types of corns due to the moist environment between the toes.
Heloma Durum (Hard Corns): Hard corns are the most common type of corn and typically develop on the tops or sides of the toes. They have a hard, thickened core surrounded by inflamed skin and may cause pain as they push on the soft surrounding skin.
Heloma Molle (Seed Corns): Seed corns are small, tender corns that often develop on the soles of the feet. They may feel like small pebbles or pieces of glass embedded in the skin and can be particularly painful when walking or standing.
Causes of Corns and Calluses
Corns and calluses develop in response to repeated friction or pressure on the skin. Common causes include:
Ill-Fitting Footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight, too narrow or too shallow can create pressure points on the toes and soles of the feet, leading to the formation of corns and calluses.
Foot Deformities: Certain foot deformities, such as bunions or hammertoes, can cause abnormal pressure distribution and change foot shape, increasing the risk of corns and calluses.
High-Impact Activities: Engaging in high-impact activities such as running or jumping can increase friction and pressure on the feet, leading to the development of corns and calluses.
Walking Barefoot: Walking barefoot or wearing shoes with thin soles can expose the feet to increased friction and pressure, making them more susceptible to corns and calluses.
Symptoms of Corns and Calluses
Corns and calluses may cause the following symptoms:
Pain or Discomfort: Corns may be painful to the touch, especially when pressure is applied. Calluses are typically painless but may cause discomfort if they become excessively thick.
Thickened Skin: Both corns and calluses are characterized by thickened, hardened areas of skin that may have a rough or waxy texture.
Yellowish or Grayish Appearance: Calluses may have a yellowish or grayish appearance, while corns may appear whitish or translucent in color.
Treatment Options
Treatment for corns and calluses aims to relieve symptoms and reduce the thickness of the affected skin. Common treatment options include:
Footwear Modifications: Wearing shoes with a wider/deeper toe box and cushioned insoles can help alleviate pressure on the feet and reduce the risk of corns and calluses.
Padding: Applying padding or cushioning over corns and calluses can help protect the affected area from further friction and pressure.
Moisturizers: Regularly moisturizing the feet can help soften the skin and reduce the thickness of corns and calluses.
Orthotic Devices: Custom orthoses can help redistribute pressure on the feet and correct abnormal foot mechanics that contribute to corns and calluses.
Professional Treatment: In severe cases, a podiatrist may recommend professional treatment options such as debridement (removal of dead skin), corticosteroid injections, or surgical intervention to remove the corn or calluses.
Prevention Tips
If the underlying causes corns and calluses are not addressed, they are likely to keep coming back or return faster. To prevent corns and calluses or slow the build-up, consider the following tips:
Choose Proper Footwear: Opt for shoes that fit well and provide adequate cushioning and support for the feet.
Wear Socks: Wearing socks can help reduce friction and moisture on the feet, lowering the risk of corns and calluses.
Keep Feet Dry: Moisture can soften the skin and increase the risk of corns and calluses. Keep the feet dry by wearing moisture-wicking socks and changing shoes regularly.
Trim Toenails: Keep toenails trimmed to prevent them from rubbing against the inside of shoes and causing friction.
Regular Foot Care: Practice regular foot care, including moisturizing the feet and inspecting them for any signs of corns or calluses.
In conclusion, corns and calluses are common foot conditions that can cause discomfort and affect mobility. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for corns and calluses, individuals can take proactive steps towards preventing and managing these conditions for healthier, happier feet. If you're experiencing persistent corns or calluses, consult with a podiatrist for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs.
