Bunion Surgery and How Physiotherapy Can Help Your Recovery

Bunions, or hallux valgus, are bony bumps that form at the base of the big toe, causing pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking. In severe cases, when conservative treatments such as orthotics and footwear modifications are no longer effective, bunion surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity and alleviate pain. Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery, and physiotherapy plays a significant role in restoring mobility, strength, and function. 

What to Expect from Bunion Surgery 

Bunion surgery, also known as a bunionectomy, involves realigning the bones, ligaments, and tendons of the foot to correct the deformity. Common surgical techniques include: 

• Osteotomy – Cutting and repositioning the bone to straighten the toe. 

• Arthrodesis – Fusing the joint to correct severe deformities. 

• Exostectomy – Removing the bony bump without realigning the toe (less common on its own). 

• Lapidus Procedure – Fusing the first metatarsal joint to prevent recurrence in severe cases. 

Post-surgical recovery varies depending on the procedure performed, but most patients require several weeks of limited weight-bearing activity, followed by gradual rehabilitation to regain function. 

The Role of Physiotherapy in Recovery 

Physiotherapy is essential in the rehabilitation process after bunion surgery. A physiotherapist can help manage pain, restore mobility, and prevent complications. Here’s how: 

1. Pain and Swelling Management 

• Elevation and Ice Therapy – Reducing swelling and discomfort in the initial recovery phase. 

• Manual Therapy – Gentle soft tissue mobilisation and massage to improve circulation and decrease stiffness. 

• Electrotherapy – Techniques such as ultrasound and TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) to alleviate pain. 

2. Restoring Range of Motion 

• Toe Mobility Exercises – Gentle movements to prevent stiffness and improve flexibility. 

• Ankle and Foot Mobility Work – Encouraging movement in surrounding joints to maintain overall function. 

• Stretching Exercises – Addressing tightness in the calf, arch, and foot muscles to improve movement efficiency. 

3. Strengthening and Stability Training 

• Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strengthening – Exercises to improve foot arch support and prevent recurrence. 

• Ankle and Lower Limb Strengthening – Strengthening surrounding muscles for improved weight-bearing and walking mechanics. 

• Balance and Proprioception Training – Exercises like single-leg stands or wobble board training to enhance stability and coordination. 

4. Gait Retraining and Return to Activity 

• Walking Mechanics Assessment – Identifying and correcting compensatory walking patterns. 

• Progressive Weight-Bearing Exercises – Gradually increasing load tolerance to facilitate normal walking. 

• Footwear and Orthotic Advice – Recommending proper shoes and supportive insoles to prevent future issues. 

When to Seek Physiotherapy 

Starting physiotherapy soon after surgery (as advised by your surgeon) can significantly improve recovery outcomes. Early intervention helps prevent stiffness, improve mobility, and restore strength, reducing the risk of complications such as joint stiffness or imbalance. 

Conclusion

Bunion surgery can effectively relieve pain and correct foot deformity, but post-surgical rehabilitation is key to a successful recovery. Physiotherapists play a crucial role in managing pain, restoring movement, strengthening the foot, and improving walking mechanics. If you’ve undergone bunion surgery, consulting a physiotherapist can help you regain function and return to daily activities with confidence.