Compound Fractures: An overview and how your Physiotherapist can help
A compound fracture, also known as an open fracture, occurs when a broken bone pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection and complicating the healing process. These fractures often result from high-impact trauma, such as falls, sports injuries, or motor vehicle accidents. Due to their severity, compound fractures require surgical intervention followed by a structured rehabilitation program. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in restoring movement, strength, and function while preventing complications.
Understanding Compound Fractures
Compound fractures are classified based on their severity, location, and degree of soft tissue damage. The key characteristics include:
Bone Breakage with Skin Penetration – Unlike simple fractures, compound fractures expose the bone to external elements, increasing infection risk.
Soft Tissue Damage – Muscles, ligaments, and nerves may be affected, leading to prolonged recovery.
Surgical Intervention Required – Most cases require internal fixation with plates, screws, or rods to stabilise the bone during healing.
Recovery time varies depending on the complexity of the fracture and the individual’s overall health. Physiotherapy is crucial in facilitating a safe and effective recovery.
The Role of Physiotherapy in Recovery
Physiotherapy after a compound fracture focuses on pain relief, mobility restoration, strength building, and reducing the risk of complications such as stiffness, muscle atrophy, and re-injury. Here’s how a physiotherapist can help:
1. Pain and Swelling Management
Elevation and Ice Therapy – Helps reduce swelling and inflammation in the affected area.
Manual Therapy – Gentle massage and mobilisation techniques to promote circulation and prevent stiffness.
Electrotherapy – Techniques like TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) and ultrasound therapy can assist in pain relief and tissue healing.
2. Restoring Mobility and Range of Motion
Joint Mobilisation Exercises – Controlled movements to prevent stiffness and improve flexibility in the affected limb.
Progressive Weight-Bearing Activities – Gradual increase in load-bearing to restore function safely.
Stretching Programs – Targeted stretches to prevent muscle tightness and improve mobility.
3. Strengthening and Functional Rehabilitation
Muscle Strengthening Exercises – Gradual reintroduction of resistance training to rebuild strength in weakened muscles.
Balance and Proprioception Training – Exercises like single-leg stands and stability drills to improve coordination and prevent future injuries.
Gait Retraining – For lower limb fractures, physiotherapists focus on restoring a normal walking pattern to avoid compensatory movements that may cause additional issues.
4. Preventing Long-Term Complications
Scar Tissue Management – Soft tissue mobilisation to prevent excessive scar tissue formation, which can restrict movement.
Postural and Ergonomic Advice – Ensuring proper posture and body mechanics to avoid strain on the healing limb.
Functional Training – Activities designed to help individuals return to daily tasks, work, and sports safely.
When to Start Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy typically begins soon after surgery, under the guidance of a healthcare team. Early intervention helps minimise complications and promotes faster recovery. The rehabilitation program is tailored to the individual’s condition, ensuring a gradual and safe return to full function.
Conclusion
Recovering from a compound fracture can be a long and challenging process, but physiotherapy plays a crucial role in achieving optimal outcomes. Through pain management, mobility exercises, strength training, and functional rehabilitation, physiotherapists help individuals regain independence and prevent long-term complications. If you have suffered a compound fracture, seeking physiotherapy support can make a significant difference in your recovery journey.
