Physiotherapy Guide: Humeral Shaft Fractures
A humeral shaft fracture is a break in the long bone of the upper arm, the humerus, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. This type of fracture typically occurs due to a direct blow, such as from a fall or trauma, or in some cases, from twisting injuries. While these fractures are common, particularly among active individuals or in older adults with weakened bones, the rehabilitation process is crucial to ensure a full recovery.
What is a Humeral Shaft Fracture?
A humeral shaft fracture involves a break in the central portion of the humerus, and these injuries can range from simple, non-displaced fractures (where the bone breaks but doesn’t shift) to more complex, displaced fractures (where the bone ends no longer align). It’s essential for proper treatment to avoid long-term complications, which could include limited range of motion or weakness in the arm.
Symptoms of a Humeral Shaft Fracture
Individuals with a humeral shaft fracture often experience immediate pain in the upper arm, particularly around the site of the fracture. Other symptoms can include swelling, bruising, difficulty moving the arm, and sometimes a visible deformity where the bone has shifted. There may also be numbness or tingling if the fracture affects nearby nerves. In more severe cases, individuals may also experience limited function in the arm, including difficulty lifting or using the hand.
Treatment Options for Humeral Shaft Fractures
Treatment depends on the severity and location of the fracture. For simple, non-displaced fractures, a physician may recommend immobilisation with a sling or brace for several weeks to allow the bone to heal naturally. In more severe cases, where the bone has displaced or the fracture is complex, surgery may be required to realign the bone using plates, screws, or rods.
While the bone healing process is essential, addressing the effects of immobilisation and restoring function is where a physiotherapist plays a crucial role.
How a Physiotherapist Can Help
Physiotherapy is a vital part of rehabilitation following a humeral shaft fracture, regardless of the type of treatment used. After the initial healing phase, which typically lasts around 6 to 8 weeks, physiotherapy focuses on improving the arm’s strength, range of motion, and function.
1. Pain Management: A physiotherapist uses a variety of techniques such as heat, ice, massage, and gentle exercises to help manage pain and reduce swelling. This can provide immediate relief, especially in the early stages of rehabilitation.
2. Restoring Range of Motion: After a period of immobilisation, the muscles and joints around the fracture site can become stiff. Physiotherapists guide patients through specific exercises to gradually restore the range of motion in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. This step is crucial in preventing long-term mobility issues.
3. Strengthening Exercises: Once the bone has healed sufficiently, physiotherapists introduce strengthening exercises to rebuild the muscles around the shoulder and upper arm. Strengthening these muscles is critical for regaining function and preventing future injuries. Specific exercises are designed to target the shoulder rotator cuff, elbow extensors, and wrist flexors.
4. Functional Training: Physiotherapists also help patients return to their daily activities. This may include teaching patients how to lift objects, perform sports activities, or return to work. They work with each individual to create a tailored rehabilitation plan that aligns with their specific goals, whether it's returning to sports or regaining full independence.
5. Preventing Future Injuries: Physiotherapists will assess the underlying causes of the injury, such as poor posture or muscle imbalances, and work on addressing these factors to reduce the risk of reinjury. This holistic approach ensures not just recovery but long-term functional improvement.
Conclusion
Recovering from a humeral shaft fracture requires more than just bone healing. Physiotherapists play a key role in ensuring that the arm regains its strength, function, and flexibility. If you’ve suffered from a humeral shaft fracture, working closely with a physiotherapist will not only help you recover effectively but also get you back to your normal activities with confidence.
