Retrocalcaneal Bursitis
What is Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?
Retrocalcaneal bursitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the bursa located between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneus, the large bone that forms the heel. This condition can be painful and limit mobility, making it essential to understand its anatomy and impact.
Anatomy of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis:
Retrocalcaneal bursitis involves several key components:
Achilles Tendon: This thick, strong tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus) and facilitates ankle movement, including pointing the foot downward (plantarflexion).
Bursa: Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between tendons, muscles, and bones. In the case of retrocalcaneal bursitis, the bursa located behind the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed.
Function of the Retrocalcaneal Bursa:
The retrocalcaneal bursa plays a crucial role in allowing the Achilles tendon to glide smoothly over the calcaneus during ankle movement. It provides cushioning and reduces friction, promoting painless and efficient motion.
Common Retrocalcaneal Bursitis Issues:
Several factors can lead to retrocalcaneal bursitis:
Overuse: Repetitive activities that stress the Achilles tendon, such as running or jumping, can irritate and inflame the bursa.
Footwear: Ill-fitting shoes or those that lack proper heel support may contribute to the development of this condition.
Foot Structure: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as high arches or flat feet, can increase the risk of retrocalcaneal bursitis.
Injury: Trauma to the back of the heel can cause inflammation in the bursa.
Signs and Symptoms of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis:
Common signs and symptoms of retrocalcaneal bursitis include:
Pain: Individuals typically experience pain at the back of the heel, especially during activities that involve ankle movement or pressure on the Achilles tendon.
Swelling: Swelling may occur in the affected area.
Tenderness: The back of the heel can become tender to the touch.
Stiffness: Reduced range of motion in the ankle joint.
Retrocalcaneal Bursitis Physiotherapy Management
Effective management strategies are crucial for alleviating pain, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing. Understanding these strategies is key to managing retrocalcaneal bursitis.
Management Strategies:
Rest and Immobilization:
Reduce Activity: Rest is essential to allow the inflamed bursa to heal. Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms, such as running or jumping.
Immobilization: In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend wearing a walking boot or brace to limit ankle movement and reduce strain on the bursa.
Ice Therapy:
Cold Compress: Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, can help reduce pain and swelling.
Medications:
Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or prescribed medications may be used to manage pain and inflammation. Always follow dosage instructions and consult your healthcare provider before starting any medication.
Physical Therapy:
Stretching and Strengthening: A physical therapist can design an exercise program to stretch and strengthen the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. These exercises promote healing and prevent recurrence.
Modalities: Physical therapy may include modalities like ultrasound or electrical stimulation to reduce inflammation and pain.
Footwear and Orthotics:
Ensure you wear supportive shoes with proper heel cushioning and arch support. Custom orthotic insoles may also be beneficial.
Heel Lifts:
Heel lifts can reduce strain on the Achilles tendon and bursa, promoting healing.
Activity Modification:
Modify or avoid activities that worsen symptoms, especially those that involve repetitive ankle movement or pressure on the bursa.
Corticosteroid Injections:
In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain. This is typically considered for severe or persistent cases.
Lifestyle Modifications:
Incorporate gentle calf stretches into your daily routine to maintain flexibility.
Avoid wearing high heels or shoes with tight heel counters that may exacerbate symptoms.