Shoulder Instability: Causes, Symptoms, and Physiotherapy Treatment
Shoulder instability occurs when the shoulder joint becomes loose and slips out of its normal position. This can happen due to a traumatic injury, repetitive movements, or structural abnormalities. The shoulder is a highly mobile joint, allowing a wide range of motion, but this mobility makes it susceptible to instability. At Brisbane Physiotherapy, we provide targeted rehabilitation programs to manage shoulder instability, reduce pain, and restore normal function.
What Causes Shoulder Instability?
Shoulder instability can arise from various factors, including:
Traumatic Injury: A fall, direct blow, or accident can cause the shoulder to dislocate. When the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) is forced out of the shoulder socket (glenoid), it can stretch or tear the surrounding ligaments and muscles, leading to ongoing instability.
Repetitive Overhead Movements: Athletes, such as swimmers, tennis players, and baseball pitchers, who frequently perform overhead motions are at increased risk of shoulder instability. Over time, these repeated movements can weaken the shoulder's supporting structures.
Generalised Ligamentous Laxity: Some individuals have naturally looser ligaments due to genetic factors, making their joints more prone to instability. In these cases, shoulder dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations) can occur more easily.
Structural Abnormalities: Conditions like a shallow shoulder socket or a torn labrum (the cartilage rim around the shoulder socket) can also contribute to instability.
Symptoms of Shoulder Instability
Common symptoms associated with shoulder instability include:
Pain or Discomfort: This can occur during certain movements or activities, particularly when lifting the arm overhead.
Frequent Dislocations or Subluxations: Some individuals may experience repeated episodes of the shoulder slipping out of place.
Weakness in the Shoulder: The shoulder may feel weak or unstable, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks.
Clicking or Catching Sensation: Movement of the shoulder might be accompanied by clicking or catching, particularly with overhead activities.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy is a vital component of managing shoulder instability. At Brisbane Physiotherapy, we focus on strengthening the muscles around the shoulder, improving joint stability, and reducing the risk of further dislocations.
Pain Management: Techniques such as manual therapy, ice therapy, and gentle mobilisation are used to reduce pain and inflammation in the early stages of treatment.
Strengthening Exercises: A tailored exercise program is essential for strengthening the rotator cuff muscles and scapular stabilisers. This helps to support the shoulder joint and prevent further episodes of instability.
Proprioception and Coordination Training: Physiotherapy also includes exercises to improve the shoulder's proprioception (awareness of joint position) and coordination. This training is crucial for athletes who perform complex shoulder movements.
Activity Modification: For athletes or individuals with recurrent instability, modifying techniques or adjusting training loads can help prevent further damage while allowing safe participation in sports or activities.
Conclusion
Shoulder instability can significantly impact daily life and sporting performance, but with the right physiotherapy approach, recovery and improved stability are achievable. At Brisbane Physiotherapy, our experienced team develops customised treatment plans to help patients regain shoulder strength, stability, and function. If you're experiencing shoulder instability or have suffered a shoulder dislocation, reach out to us today to start your path to recovery.
